Settings and Operation | Multiple Answers | Difficulty Levels
This module provides drill in the composing of Greek declensional and conjugational forms, such as is found in the exercises of many Units from Unit 3 on. The items presented for each unit are generally half from the corresponding printed exercise and half different from those in the printed exercise. This drill has the added value of the ability to display dictionary information for the word or to display the paradigm relevant to the form asked for.
Typing polytonic Greek:In the Unicode input version of the module, you must not only have a Unicode polytonic Greek font installed to see the paradigms or the dictionary info when you use the appropriate button, but also have a method of typing polytonic Unicode Greek from the keyboard. Some free polytonic inputs or keyboards are available, such as Greek Polytonic in Mac OS X (use the Keyboard Viewer to learn where the deadkeys for diacritics are), or Polytonic Greek in Windows (for other possibilities see this FAQ). In addition, some Classics Departments have departmental licenses that allow them to distribute GreekKeys keyboards to their students.
If you do not want to type the Greek directly from your keyboard, use the selection item in the upper banner to move to other forms of the drill that use an onscreen keyboard.
In the left panel are the settings for the drill.
Drill for Unit: the numbers from 3 to 42 correspond to Units in the book. Making a selection resets the drill set to the selected unit.
Operation of the drill: Select a unit and click on BEGIN/NEXT FORM. Then type your answer in the field. When you have finished your answer, press the TAB key, or click on the CHECK ANSWER button. If your answer is not correct, the feedback field will give guidance as to what is wrong. The programs recognizes when you have used the correct vowel but the wrong diacritic or have made a mistake regarding subscript iota.
If you want to try again, replace the erroneous characters and submit your answer (press the TAB key, or click the button CHECK ANSWER. At any time, you can also click on "Show Answer".
Click on the BEGIN/NEXT FORM button to move on to the next word.
The program does not recognize alternative forms with nu movable. Always omit optional nu when you enter an answer.
Additional information: The dictionary info button adds the vocabulary entry for the Greek word to be used, which may be used as a hint. The paradigm button opens the Paradigms module in a separate screen and loads the particular paradigm that illustrates the current form.
A hint will be given when multiple answers are possible. For instance, "short" or "long" indicate that the shorter or longer of two possible forms is wanted (as in the aorist active optative or some forms of comparative adjectives); or the root of the verb may be given, as in "throw (bal-)" as opposed to "throw (rip-).
The data set allows classification of each form by its difficulty level, based on its position in the sequence of learning in the book. Here is a listing of the difficulty levels (the number reflects the number of the Unit in the book):
DECLENSIONAL FORMS
3 o-declension
4 a-declension long-vowel feminine; article
6 a-declension short-vowel and masculine
7 vowel-declension adjectives with 3 endings
8 relative pronoun
9 vowel-declension adjectives with 2 endings
12 pronoun αὐτός
13 demonstratives
14 consonant declension: plosive stems
15 consonant declension: liquid, nasal, irregular rho stems, sigma stems; interrogative τίς
17 indefinite τις
21 consonant declension: i and u stems, eu, au, ou stems; irregular (γυνή, χείρ, υἱός); personal pronouns of 1st and 2nd person
22 consonant-declension adjectives
25 adjectives πολύς, μέγας; declined numerals 1-4, οὐδείς, μηδείς; reflexive pronouns, reciprocal pronoun
30 comparatives in -ων or -ιων
34 indirect interrogative/indefinite relative
36 τοιοῦτος, τοσοῦτος
38 contract nouns of alpha declension
40 contract nouns of omicron declension
42 contract vowel-declension adjectives; Attic declension (nouns and pronouns) and declension with omega
VERBAL CONJUGATION
5 omega-verbs present active indicative
8 omega-verbs present active imperative (2nd person only)
9 omega-verbs present active infinitive
10 present indicative, imperative (2nd person only), and infinitive of εἰμί, be
11 omega-verbs present middle-passive indicative, imperative (2nd person only), and infinitive
13 e-contract-verbs present indicative, imperative (2nd person only), and infinitive (active and m/p)
16 omega-verbs and e-contract-verbs imperfect (active and m/p), and imperfect of εἰμί
18 omega-futures and e-contract-futures (indicative and infinitive, active and middle), and future of εἰμί
19 strong and weak aorists active and middle indicative, imperative (2nd person only), and infinitive
20 present and imperfect of φημί
23 mi-verb present indicative, infinitive, imperfect (active and m/p); same for εἶμι, go
24 mi-verb aorist indicative and infinitive (active and middle)
26 participles (except a-contract or o-contract present, aorist passive, and perfect active and m/p)
28 perfect and pluperfect indicative, perfect imperative (2nd person only), and perfect infinitive of οἶδα, know
29 all aorist passive indicative, imperative (2nd person only), infinitive and participle, and future passive indicative, infinitive and participle; 2nd-person imperative of mi-verbs
30 a-contract and o-contract verbs present and imperfect indicative, present imperative (2nd person only), present infinitive, participle; future with a-contraction
32 all subjunctive except perfect
33 all optative except perfect
37 all perfect active forms (including pluperfect and future perfect) except imperative
38 all perfect middle-passive forms (including pluperfect and future perfect) except imperative
39 third-person imperatives, perfect imperatives;athematic perfects