Settings and Operation | Multiple Answers | Difficulty Levels
This module provides drill in the composing of Greek declensional and conjugational forms, such as is found in the exercises of many Units from Unit 3 on. The items presented for each unit are generally half from the corresponding printed exercise and half different from those in the printed exercise. This drill has the added value of the ability to display dictionary information for the word or to display the paradigm relevant to the form asked for.
This is the easiest mode of drill because the student receives immediate feedback as each letter is entered and as each choice of diacritic is applied. The user can also ask to see one letter at a time if in need of a hint.
For a more challenging drill, use the selection popup in the upper band of the drill to use an onscreen keyboard with correction only on demand or to use a physical keyboard.
In the left panel are the settings for the drill.
Drill for Unit: the numbers from 3 to 42 correspond to Units in the book. Making a selection resets the drill set to the selected unit.
Operation of the drill: Use the BEGIN/NEXT FORM button to display the first form query. Spell out the answer by clicking on a red vowel or a blue consonant in the large rectangle of Greek characters. If the choice is correct, the letter will be displayed in the gray box (the active character) with a white background, and the next box will become active (gray). If the choice is completely wrong, then the chosen letter will appear with a red background, and the same box will continue to be active. If you select the wrong form of sigma, the program will automatically display the correct sigma after showing the other form for a few seconds with a yellow background.
Adding diacritics: If you type a vowel or rho and it is displayed with a yellow background, this indicates that a diacritic needs to be added. Click on one of the black diacritics in the top row of the large rectangle of Greek characters. If your choice of diacritic is correct, then the letter with diacritic will be displayed with white background and the next box will become active (gray). If you choose the wrong diacritic, the diacritic will show, but the background will stay yellow and the box will remain active, awaiting the selection of a different diacritic.
When you need a hint or just want to see the answer, use either the button SHOW NEXT LETTER or the button SHOW WHOLE ANSWER.
When the word is completed correctly, a green check mark appears. Click on the BEGIN/NEXT ACTION button to move on to the next word.
The program does not recognize alternative forms with nu movable. Always omit optional nu when you enter an answer.
Additional information: The dictionary info button adds the vocabulary entry for the Greek word to be used, which may be used as a hint. The paradigm button opens the Paradigms module in a separate screen and loads the particular paradigm that illustrates the current form.
A hint will be given when multiple answers are possible. For instance, "short" or "long" indicate that the shorter or longer of two possible forms is wanted (as in the aorist active optative or some forms of comparative adjectives); or the root of the verb may be given, as in "throw (bal-)" as opposed to "throw (rip-).
The data set allows classification of each form by its difficulty level, based on its position in the sequence of learning in the book. Here is a listing of the difficulty levels (the number reflects the number of the Unit in the book):
DECLENSIONAL FORMS
3 o-declension
4 a-declension long-vowel feminine; article
6 a-declension short-vowel and masculine
7 vowel-declension adjectives with 3 endings
8 relative pronoun
9 vowel-declension adjectives with 2 endings
12 pronoun αὐτός
13 demonstratives
14 consonant declension: plosive stems
15 consonant declension: liquid, nasal, irregular rho stems, sigma stems; interrogative τίς
17 indefinite τις
21 consonant declension: i and u stems, eu, au, ou stems; irregular (γυνή, χείρ, υἱός); personal pronouns of 1st and 2nd person
22 consonant-declension adjectives
25 adjectives πολύς, μέγας; declined numerals 1-4, οὐδείς, μηδείς; reflexive pronouns, reciprocal pronoun
30 comparatives in -ων or -ιων
34 indirect interrogative/indefinite relative
36 τοιοῦτος, τοσοῦτος
38 contract nouns of alpha declension
40 contract nouns of omicron declension
42 contract vowel-declension adjectives; Attic declension (nouns and pronouns) and declension with omega
VERBAL CONJUGATION
5 omega-verbs present active indicative
8 omega-verbs present active imperative (2nd person only)
9 omega-verbs present active infinitive
10 present indicative, imperative (2nd person only), and infinitive of εἰμί, be
11 omega-verbs present middle-passive indicative, imperative (2nd person only), and infinitive
13 e-contract-verbs present indicative, imperative (2nd person only), and infinitive (active and m/p)
16 omega-verbs and e-contract-verbs imperfect (active and m/p), and imperfect of εἰμί
18 omega-futures and e-contract-futures (indicative and infinitive, active and middle), and future of εἰμί
19 strong and weak aorists active and middle indicative, imperative (2nd person only), and infinitive
20 present and imperfect of φημί
23 mi-verb present indicative, infinitive, imperfect (active and m/p); same for εἶμι, go
24 mi-verb aorist indicative and infinitive (active and middle)
26 participles (except a-contract or o-contract present, aorist passive, and perfect active and m/p)
28 perfect and pluperfect indicative, perfect imperative (2nd person only), and perfect infinitive of οἶδα, know
29 all aorist passive indicative, imperative (2nd person only), infinitive and participle, and future passive indicative, infinitive and participle; 2nd-person imperative of mi-verbs
30 a-contract and o-contract verbs present and imperfect indicative, present imperative (2nd person only), present infinitive, participle; future with a-contraction
32 all subjunctive except perfect
33 all optative except perfect
37 all perfect active forms (including pluperfect and future perfect) except imperative
38 all perfect middle-passive forms (including pluperfect and future perfect) except imperative
39 third-person imperatives, perfect imperatives;athematic perfects